Buffalo Soldier History in Temecula
Temecula Valley Museum's Buffalo Soldiers: Major George W. Ford Exhibit was one in which I knew very little about."The Temecula Valley Museum presents the 10th Cavalry Regiment, historically known as the Buffalo Soldiers. This exhibit explores a vital period in American history following the Civil War, when African American soldiers served in the western territories. This exhibit has been curated by Linda Allen Hollis, author, historian, and great-granddaughter of Major George W. Ford."
On July 28, 1866, the U.S. Congress passed a law that created the Buffalo Soldier regiments. The act specifically established four segregated African American infantry regiments and two cavalry regiments. The regiments created were the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry, Thirty-eighth Infantry, Thirty-ninth Infantry, Fortieth Infantry, and Forty-first Infantry. The regiments were tasked with maintaining peace in the South during Reconstruction (1865-1877), building roads and telegraph lines, escorting U.S. Mail carriers, and protecting homesteaders as well as American Indians on their lands.
While the exhibit shared the history of all Buffalo Soldiers, the main focus was Major George William Ford, a devoted soldier who served with honor in Company L of the 10th Cavalry Regiment of the Buffalo Soldiers under the command of Colonel Benjamin Grierson. Renowned for his unwavering courage and exceptional professionalism, Ford played an integral role in the regiment’s mission to protect settlers, build critical infrastructure, and maintain order across the challenging terrain of the American West. Ford would be recognized as the “last one standing” of the original 10th Cavalry, once 1225 strong.We got to know Colonel Benjamin Henry Grierson. This “Commanding Officer” Union cavalry officer, during the Civil War and later a prominent leader of the Buffalo Soldiers, commanded the 10th Cavalry Regiment. Renowned for his daring Grierson’s Raid, he was also deeply committed to equality and played a pivotal role in shaping the legacy of African American soldiers. Among those he mentored was Major George Ford, with whom he maintained a close friendship until his passing.There is so much history contained in this small museum. The Buffalo Soldiers, and Major Ford, in particular, demand a more thorough study.
The items on display helped tell the story concretely. How cool is this? Bugles were crucial for battlefield communication. I can hear its call.
Drums and bayonets... All from the Civil War. What history to behold.
The exhibit also included old newspaper clippings, photographs, and drawings which were used to tell people about the Buffalo Soldiers. Reporters wrote stories, artists sketched scenes, and photographers captured daily life and big moments. Dates and sources reveal changing public views as these units served on the frontier and overseas. Together, these materials show how the soldiers' service was recorded, remembered, and shared with the public.
The Buffalo Soldiers had many jobs. They were sent west to protect settlers, build forts, guard railroads, and escort wagon trains. Their assignments also involved operating in regions where Indigenous nations resisted federal expansion, positioning them within the broader conflicts of the Frontier Indian Wars.
Some admired the courage of the Native warriors they fought. Private letters and oral histories recall moments of respect and even sympathy. Still, refusing orders was not an option, as discipline in the frontier Army was absolute.
Major Ford said of the conflict, "Our troops came in after a battle in which we had not taken part. I found a young Indian brave struggling in the brush, wounded and near death. I gave him water and hid him from those who might finish the fight. In that moment, I saw only a man fighting to live. Sometimes one has an epiphany about what you are fighting for and whether it is just. I am a soldier, but my duty does not end compassion."
After a monumental career as a soldier, Maj. George William Ford, became one of the first Black Veterans appointed as superintendent of a national cemetery in 1878. During an impressive 52-year career he oversaw five national cemeteries in the Midwest and South.Major George Ford continued a life of public service until his death in 1939 at the age of 91. He was honored with a full military funeral and was buried at Camp Butler Cemetery in Springfield. At his death, he was the last surviving member of the original 10th United States Cavalry. From the days that he lived on the Mount Vernon Planation to his last assignment as superintendent at Camp Butler, he had a full and illustrious career.
Lake an incredible lesson learned right here in Temecula. Wow.

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